It would be claimed that the psychosocial consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic add to the burden of psychosocial problems of people with DM and cause more negative effects on their HRQoL.
Several studies reported that the QoL of patients with DM, which is perceived as an acceptable outcome or efficacy of self-care among those patients, is lower than that of the general population. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a multidimensional construct based on a person’s physical, cognitive, social, emotional, psychological, role, and spiritual status. The patients’ self-care behaviors, disease management and lifestyle, and therapeutic compliance are influenced by the physical, psychological, and social burden of DM, which would eventually affect the quality of life (QoL) among those populations. Patients with DM were found to experience higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression compared to their healthy counterparts during the COVID-19 outbreak. It was claimed that the novelty and uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic would increase psychological distress, anxiety, and depression with adverse outcomes among the general population. These comorbid disturbances could be exacerbated in a stressful environment. Psychiatric disturbances commonly associated with DM included depression and anxiety symptoms (2–4 times greater than the general population). Moreover, psychological complications may also occur in patients with DM. In addition, their social lives are greatly affected (e.g., glycemic control and changes in dietary habits and lifestyle). Patients with DM are suffering from physical complications (cardiovascular diseases, neuropathy, diabetic foot, nephropathy, etc.). According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Atlas edition released in 2012, the global estimates of DM were more than 380 million people, and these numbers are expected to double by 2030. ĭM is defined as a chronic progressive metabolic disorder, which according to the underlying pathology is subdivided into type 1 or type 2 DM, caused by an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin hormone, respectively. Case-fatality ratio (CFR) was found to be higher in patients with cardiovascular diseases (10.5%), DM (7.3%) and hypertension (6%) than that of general population (2.3%). It was stated that patients with pre-existing medical diseases as diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and malignancies are considered as one of the highest at-risk groups for infection with novel coronavirus with increased severity and mortality. On March 11, 2020, World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as a pandemic. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus causing coronavirus disease (COVID-19), was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and had been considered the biggest threat to global public health for 2020.
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